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====System planning for public works==== | ====System planning for public works==== | ||
In October 2021, the Institution of Engineers in Scotland inducted [https://engineeringhalloffame.org/profile/james-newlands James Newlands] to the [https://engineeringhalloffame.org/ Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame]. In 1847 Newlands took up the appointment of Borough Engineer of Liverpool. In a 2014 paper about James Newlands, Sally Sheard wrote: | In October 2021, the Institution of Engineers in Scotland inducted [https://engineeringhalloffame.org/profile/james-newlands James Newlands] to the [https://engineeringhalloffame.org/ Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame]. In 1847 Newlands took up the appointment of Borough Engineer of Liverpool. In a 2014 [https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/media/livacuk/research/heroimages/Sheard,-,Newlands,and,the,Origins,of,the,Mun,Eng,ICE,2014.pdf paper] about James Newlands, Sally Sheard wrote: | ||
"By the 1830s the deterioration in urban health in many towns and cities was provoking national debate, within a predominant culture of laissez-faire – the Englishman’s home is his castle principle. The challenges Newlands successfully addressed in mid-nineteenth century Liverpool –integrated urban design, adequate funding, multi-disciplinary team working – remain critical to urban health now." | "By the 1830s the deterioration in urban health in many towns and cities was provoking national debate, within a predominant culture of laissez-faire – the Englishman’s home is his castle principle. The challenges Newlands successfully addressed in mid-nineteenth century Liverpool –integrated urban design, adequate funding, multi-disciplinary team working – remain critical to urban health now." | ||